Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) are trained to evaluate and treat nine core areas that impact how a child communicates, learns, and connects with others. These areas guide therapy and ensure we’re supporting the whole child—not just their speech.

 

Articulation

This is how your child makes sounds clearly and correctly. Trouble with articulation might sound like lisping, dropping sounds, or saying “tat” instead of “cat.” It can make it hard for others to understand your child.

 

Fluency

Fluency refers to the smoothness of speech. A child who repeats words, stretches out sounds, or gets “stuck” may have a fluency disorder, such as stuttering. Therapy helps reduce tension and build confidence.

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Voice and Resonance

This includes the quality, pitch, loudness, and nasal sound of your child’s voice. A hoarse voice, too much nasality, or voice strain can signal an issue. These concerns may come from overuse, medical issues, or structural differences.

 

Receptive Language

This is how well your child understands language—like following directions, answering questions, or understanding stories. Delays here can impact your child's learning and daily routines.

 

Expressive Language

This covers how your child uses language—choosing words, putting sentences together, using grammar, and asking questions. Struggles here can limit their ability to express needs or share ideas.

 

Hearing

Hearing ability directly affects speech and language development. SLPs wok with your child when hearing loss or ear infections affect how a child hears and learns language.

 

Swallowing (Dysphagia)

Feeding and swallowing issues include trouble chewing, managing textures, or safely swallowing. SLPs help children eat safely and explore new foods, often in collaboration with occupational therapists.

 

Cognitive-Communication

This connects thinking with talking—skills like memory, attention, problem-solving, and organizing thoughts. It impacts how a child tells a story, follows a routine, or stays on topic in conversation.

 

Social Communication (Pragmatics)

This is how your child uses language with others—like making eye contact, taking turns, understanding sarcasm or emotions, and knowing what to say in different situations. It’s especially important in autism support.